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How to Prevent Gum Disease

Gum disease - understand what it is and how you can prevent it to have healthier and cleaner teeth.

The first step in fighting gum disease is knowing what it is and what causes it. Gum disease, or periodontal disease, occurs when "bacterial growth and production of factors" build up around the tooth, causing the tooth to decay. Every day, after we eat, food particles build up around the tooth, creating plaque, a hardening of those particles. Plaque can harden within 24 hours, attaching itself so firmly to the tooth that only a professional dentist can remove it. Without professional cleaning, plaque can develop into several forms of gum disease.

Gingivitis is usually the first stage of gum disease. This is when the gums become swollen and bleed easily during brushing. While bleeding isn't always a symptom of gingivitis, it is sign that something isn't right with your gums. Though gingivitis is the first phase of gum disease, it does not always mean it can progress to periodonitis. But it is a good bet that if left untreated, the risk of contracting periodonitis is great.

Signs that gingivitis have progressed to periodonitis occur when the inner layer of the gum and bone recede from the tooth and pockets are created. These pockets collect debris and become infected. The body's immune system fights off the infection when the plaque grows below the gumline, using bacterial toxins and enzymes that break down bone and collective tissues that hold the tooth in place. This leads to tooth loss. The deeper the pockets grow, gum and bone decay progresses.

To put it another way, periodonitis is like termites, chewing away at the foundation which holds your teeth firmly in place. The more it progresses, the more the gum and bone tissues, the foundations of your mouth, weaken. Periodontal disease can affect one tooth or many, but it always has a devastating effect on your gums if left untreated.

While periodontal disease can progress painlessly, often with the patient unaware that he or she has it, there are some symptoms of gum disease. They include:

* gums that bleed during and after toothbrushing

* red, swollen or tender gums

* persistent bad breath or bad taste in the mouth

* receding gums

* formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums

* loose or shifting teeth

* changes in the way teeth fit together on biting, or in the fit of partial dentures.

Gum disease can be caused by smoking, genetics ("research has shown that 30% of the population may be genetically susceptible to gum disease"), pregnancy and puberty, in which hormonal changes in the body can effect the gums, stress, medications, diabetes, a poor nutritional diet, or other systematic diseases.

The best way to prevent gum disease is to take care of your teeth everyday and have regular checkups with the dentist. Brush your teeth well at least twice a day, using a soft-bristle brush and toothpastes and mouth rinses that contain flouride, which strengthen the teeth and prevent decay. Floss every day as well. Food particles often collect between the teeth, making it difficult to remove by brushing alone. Interdental cleaners are also great at removing bacteria and food particles. Periodontal disease can be reversed by vigorously cleaning between your teeth. Eat a balanced diet, including all the basic food groups, and limit in-between snacks as much as possible.

By adopting these basic habits, you'll have cleaner and healthier teeth. If you suspect you might have gingivitis or periodonitis, it's best to consult your professional dentist or periodontist, who will then take steps to diagnose whether or not you have gum disease and take the appropriate measures toward treatment.

Sources:
ADA.org Oral Health Topics: Gum Disease (Periodontal diseases) Frequently Asked Questions Disease

Information from the American Academy of Periodontology

Fighting Gum Disease: How to Keep Your Teeth